The overall (expected) economic losses due to morbidity and mortality from FMD outbreak during 1983-87 were calculated as 3.16% and 0.94% of the average price value of animals, respectively.

• The stratified random sampling was found to be better sampling technique for estimating conception and adoption rates of AI in bovines under field conditions.
• The traditional Discriminant analysis underestimates the probability of misclassification when parameters are substituted by their estimates.
• The coupling procedure with combination of linear Discriminant function (LDF) & Quadratic Discriminant function in case of unequal covariance matrices and the multinomial method & LDF in case of categorical data in animal sciences provide better results.
• The categorical analysis of variance (CATANOVA) provides the size of test more close to the actual value than the Chi-square method and thus the former is more appropriate for analysis of discrete data in animal sciences than the traditional chi-square method.
• The modified tests, HSD* (tukey) test or Bonferroni* correction are more appropriate for all multiple comparisons and Dunnett t-test is appropriate for comparing all treatments with a control. All these tests protect the experiment-wise error rate.
• The mixed model approach provides better method for detecting the real effect of diseases on the milk yield than the traditional procedure.
• The average annual economic losses calculated due to different diseases in cattle in India (1991-2005) was highest due to FMD (74.3%) followed by HS (19.2%), BQ (5.2%) and Anthrax (1.3%).
• During1991-2005 , PPR disease in goats in India accounted for maximum (34.5%) economic loss followed by FMD (14.3%), sheep and goat pox (14.1%), CCP (6.4%), enterotoxaemia (6.1%), facioliasis/distomatosis (5.0%) and anthrax (2.0%) to the average animal loss.
• During1991-2005 The average annual economic losses due to different diseases in sheep in India was maximum due to Bluetongue (60.8%) followed by PPR (7.1%), Sheep and Goat Pox (3.5%), FMD (2.4%), Enterotoxaemia (1.9%), Facioliasis / Distomatosis (0.9%) and Anthrax (0.6%).
• Considering the number of incidence and deaths due to FMD reported by Govt. of India during 2006-10 in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats & pigs, the highest loss was observed due to milk loss (47.51%) followed by reduction in growth/body weight (12.26%), treatment cost (9.76%) and work power (7.92%).
• Considering 2.42% incidence rate and 5.51% case fatality rate of FMD (published papers during 2011-12). The cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep and pigs contributed 50.92%, 40.03%, 6.64%, 2.00% and 0.41% respectively to the total expected economic loss.
• The value of Import and Export of India’s livestock & livestock products in the year 2009-10 contributed 0.32% and 2.25% to India’s total Import and Export respectively.
• The annual growth rate of Import and Export value of dairy products in India was -4.39% and 37.99% respectively during 2001-08. There was 49.38% annual growth rate in the net trade (Export – Import) of India’s dairy products.

Methodologies/Models Developed

• Stochastic model for estimating economic losses due to FMD
• Models for estimating economic losses due to mastitis under farm and field conditions.
• Sampling methodology to study the effectiveness of AI in bovines under field conditions.
• Discriminant analysis under non-optimal conditions in animal sciences.
• Nonlinear growth models for studying the population/body growth and future prediction.
• Regression method for analysis of interrupted growth of animals.
• Linear & nonlinear models for estimation of lactation curves in animals.
• Nonlinear models for estimation of poultry egg production curves during first year of production.
• Repeated measures ANOVA for continuous data from incomplete repeated measures designs.
• Variance components analysis from unbalanced nested random models.
• CATANOVA for analysis of nominal data from cross, nested and repeated measures designs.
• Heritability estimation from unbalanced/heteroscedastic data under random models.
• Analysis of Variance for rank data from cross, nested and repeated measures designs
• Multinomial logistic ANOVA procedure to study the effects of different factors on morbidity/ mortality pattern of livestock diseases.
• Mixed model approach to study the effect of diseases on production parameters
• Methodology for economic evaluation of important livestock diseases in cattle, sheep & goats.
• Sampling of milk records for estimation of lactation milk yield.
• The Mixed model approach with unstructured covariance matrix is recommended to compare the effect of diseases on milk production.
• Appropriate statistical models to study the factors associated with disease pattern and occurrence of diseases in cattle and buffalo by applying chi-square, and logistic/multinomial logistic ANOVA methods.
• The computing procedures using SAS were developed for different topics specially for Estimation of Genetic Parameters in half and full sib models, analysis of interrupted growth models and mixed model analysis for repeated measurements.

Honours & Awards

• Kheti Puraskar (1993).
• Institute Best Teacher Award (1995).
• ISCA Best Poster Presentation Award (2000).
• ISCA Best Poster Presentation Award (2001).
• Award of Merit of IVRI (2001).
• Best Paper Award (2004).
• Chal Vaijayanti Puruskar (2013-14)